CAPIM-LIMÃO - Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf: SUBSÍDIOS PARA MELHORIA DE QUALIDADE DO CULTIVO, INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Regarding the promising market of natural products and its crescent requires, associated with a lack of knowledge invarious areas, particularing studies that relates the quality and segments of produtctive chain of all sorts of species, the objetive of thiswork was to realize studies about the quality of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf in the crop, industrialization and marketing, to link with its possible causes and to propose solutions to envolved agents in the productive chain of species, in Paraná State, aiming at to subsidythe improvement of the system in general. This work involved field research, interviews with producers and agents of productive chain,besides diferent laboratories analysis of quality of crude product, processed or final available to consumer market in Curitiba (2000-2003). The results of this research compose the nine chapters that integrate the thesis. The chapters 1 and 2, introduce extensiverevision of botanical, ecological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of lemon grass, were identified the main chemical compoundas the aldehyde citral, and the main pharmacological actions were: analgesic, anti-microbial, insecticide and anti-tumor. The chapter 3,results of the research to give subsidies for the comprehension of chain production of lemon grass in Paraná State. Identifyied as maincomponents of the productive chain: the productive unit, the agroindustry, the industry (chemical, nutritive and pharmaceutical), themarket (wholesale and retail) and the consumer ( interior and exterior). The chapter 4, a detailed view of proceedings associated to thecrop in this State, evidencing the congruency and divergency of field research data and what is reported on literature as been suitable forthis crop. The chapter 5 refers the harvest and postharvest (processing, package and storage) of lemon grass executed by producers ofParaná State, to give subsidies to the offer of good quality product. The chapter 6 introduces informations about packaging and labellingof lemon grass tea trademarks commercialized by supermarkets in Curitiba city, were evidenced nineteen trademark. The chapter 7presents data from an explorative-descriptive research that took place in the supermarkets sector to evaluate the quality and adequabilityof packaging and storage areas of teas considering current legislation. Besides providing a general view about the situation of teastorage, this research had the purpose of creating a base instrument to develop the sanitary inspection in this sector of marketing. Theresearch presented in chapter 8 aimmed to evaluate four lemon grass tea trademarks marketed in the metropolitan area of Curitiba,regarding their microbiology and physical-chemical quality based on the Brazilian Health Departament food legislation. Evidenced bacterialcontamination with Escherichia coli and others, besides moulds and yeasts, with presence of Aspergillus niger in two samples. Salmonellasp and aflatoxins were absent. The chapter 9 synthetizing the diferent problems and strangulations evidenced in the previously cited chapters, is presented a group of proposes and recommendations to the economic agents that act and carry in productive chain oflemon grass in Paraná State.  Considerando-se o mercado promissor para produtos naturais e sua crescente demanda, aliados à carência deconhecimentos em várias áreas, especialmente estudos que relacionam a qualidade aos segmentos da cadeia produtiva das espécies,esta tese teve como objetivo realizar estudos a respeito da qualidade de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf no cultivo, industrialização e comercialização, relacioná-los às suas possíveis causas e propor soluções aos agentes envolvidos na cadeia produtiva da espécie,no Estado do Paraná; visando subsidiar a melhoria do sistema como um todo. Este trabalho envolveu pesquisa de campo, entrevistascom produtores e outros agentes da cadeia de produção, além de diferentes análises laboratoriais de qualidade do produto bruto,beneficiado ou final disponível no mercado consumidor de Curitiba (2000-2003). Os resultados desta pesquisa compõe os 9 capítulosque integram a tese. Nos capítulos 1 e 2, apresenta-se uma vasta revisão de literatura englobando aspectos botânicos, ecológicos,fitoquímicos e farmacológicos do capim-limão, sendo o composto químico principal o aldeído citral, destacando-se as ações analgésica,antimicrobiana, inseticida e antitumoral da planta. No Capítulo 3, apresenta-se o estudo prospectivo da cadeia produtiva do capim-limãono Estado do Paraná, evidenciou como principais componentes desta cadeia: a unidade produtiva, a agroindústria, a indústria (química,alimentícia e farmacêutica), o comércio (atacadista e varejista) e o mercado consumidor (interno e externo). No Capítulo 4, um panoramadetalhado dos procedimentos associados ao cultivo do capim-limão no Estado do Paraná, evidenciou as congruências e divergênciasdos dados de pesquisa de campo com o descrito na literatura como adequado para este tipo de cultura. No capítulo 5, trata-se dasetapas de colheita e pós-colheita (beneficiamento, embalagem e armazenamento) do capim-limão praticados pelos produtoresparanaenses, com vistas a subsidiar a oferta de um produto de boa qualidade. No capítulo 6, apresentam-se informações sobreembalagem e rotulagem das marcas de chá de capim-limão comercializadas pelo segmento supermercado na cidade de Curitiba,detectando-se 19 marcas. No capítulo 7 são apresentados os resultados de pesquisa exploratório-descritiva realizada no setorsupermercadista visando avaliar a qualidade e adequabilidade do acondicionamento (embalagem) e local de armazenagem de chásfrente à legislação vigente. Além disso, elaborou-se um instrumento base para incrementar a inspeção sanitária neste setor decomercialização. A pesquisa apresentada no Capítulo 8 visou avaliar 4 marcas de chá de capim-limão comercializadas na regiãometropolitana de Curitiba. no que concerne à qualidade microbiológica e físico-química, tendo como base a legislação brasileira doMinistério da Saúde para alimentos. Evidenciou-se a presença de bactérias como Escherichia coli, além de bolores e leveduras, compresença de Aspergillus niger em duas amostras. Não foi detectada Salmonella sp., nem aflatoxinas. No capítulo 9, sintetizando os diferentes problemas e gargalos evidenciados nos trabalhos anteriormente citados, é apresentado um conjunto de recomendações epropostas aos agentes econômicos que atuam e processam na cadeia produtiva do capim-limão no Estado do Paraná

The reflex of the past : the role of youth victimisation trauma on the interpersonal reactivity

Abstract in proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of CiiEM: Health, Well-Being and Ageing in the 21st Century, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from 3–5 June 2019.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of youth victimization trauma on the interpersonal reactivity

Poster presented at the 4th International Congress of CiiEM – “Health, Well-being and Ageing in the XXI Century.” 2-5 June 2019, Campus Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, PortugalN/

Revealing the Dusty Warm Absorber in MCG--6-30-15 with the Chandra HETG

We present detailed evidence for a warm absorber in the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG--6-30-15 and dispute earlier claims for relativistic O line emission. The HETG spectra show numerous narrow, unresolved (FWHM < 200 km/s) absorption lines from a wide range of ionization states of N, O, Mg, Ne, Si, S, Ar, and Fe. The O VII edge and 1s^2--1snp resonance line series to n=9 are clearly detected at rest in the AGN frame. We attribute previous reports of an apparently highly redshifted O VII edge to the 1s^2--1snp (n > 5) O VII resonance lines, and a neutral Fe L absorption complex. The shape of the Fe L feature is nearly identical to that seen in the spectra of several X-ray binaries, and in laboratory data. The implied dust column density agrees with that obtained from reddening studies, and gives the first direct X-ray evidence for dust embedded in a warm absorber. The O VIII resonance lines and weak edge are also detected, and the spectral rollover below 2 keV is explained by the superposition of numerous absorption lines and edges. We identify, for the first time, a KLL resonance in the O VI photoabsorption cross section, giving a measure of the O VI column density. The O VII (f) emission detected at the systemic velocity implies a covering fraction of ~5% (depending on the observed vs. time-averaged ionizing flux). Our observations show that a dusty warm absorber model is not only adequate to explain all the spectral features > 0.48 keV (< 26 \AA) the data REQUIRE it. This contradicts the interpretation of Branduardi-Raymont et al. (2001) that this spectral region is dominated by highly relativistic line emission from the vicinity of the black hole.Comment: 4.5 pages, 1 color figure, accepted (April 2001) for publication in ApJL, not many changes from the initial submission - updated/added some measuements for the O VII resonance series, and added a discussion about FeO2 grain

Wind Action Phenomena Associated with Large-Span Bridges

In the past, the design of bridges over increasing distances was limited by construction techniques and, as always, by economics. As technological advances have turned possible cable-supported bridges of incredible spans, a new challenge has been added to the equation: that of withstanding the action of winds without developing undesirable dynamic responses. In this chapter, the several aerodynamic phenomena of relevance to long-span bridges are classified and discussed. This will interest both experts and non-experts in the field, thanks to the overview that is given. For certain cases, codes of practice recommend wind tunnel tests. The reader is introduced to these, as well as to numerical simulations, which are currently gaining increasing importance. Next, measures for attenuating susceptibility for undesirable dynamic responses are reviewed. The chapter ends with a discussion of the Vila Real Bridge deck section, based on wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations carried out by the authors: the aerodynamics was effectively improved with geometrically subtle modifications that were proposed and adopted still in the design phase

Faster Family-wise Error Control for Neuroimaging with a Parametric Bootstrap

In neuroimaging, hundreds to hundreds of thousands of tests are performed across a set of brain regions or all locations in an image. Recent studies have shown that the most common family-wise error (FWE) controlling procedures in imaging, which rely on classical mathematical inequalities or Gaussian random field theory, yield FWE rates that are far from the nominal level. Depending on the approach used, the FWER can be exceedingly small or grossly inflated. Given the widespread use of neuroimaging as a tool for understanding neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is imperative that reliable multiple testing procedures are available. To our knowledge, only permutation joint testing procedures have been shown to reliably control the FWER at the nominal level. However, these procedures are computationally intensive due to the increasingly available large sample sizes and dimensionality of the images, and analyses can take days to complete. Here, we develop a parametric bootstrap joint testing procedure. The parametric bootstrap procedure works directly with the test statistics, which leads to much faster estimation of adjusted \emph{p}-values than resampling-based procedures while reliably controlling the FWER in sample sizes available in many neuroimaging studies. We demonstrate that the procedure controls the FWER in finite samples using simulations, and present region- and voxel-wise analyses to test for sex differences in developmental trajectories of cerebral blood flow

Nonequilibrium corrections in the pressure tensor due to an energy flux

The physical interpretation of the nonequilibrium corrections in the pressure tensor for radiation submitted to an energy flux obtained in some previous works is revisited. Such pressure tensor is shown to describe a moving equilibrium system but not a real nonequilibrium situation.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX, Brief Report to appear in PRE Dec 9

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity using human HepG2 cells and hepatotoxicity of 6-substituted methyl 3-aminothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate derivatives: in vitro evaluation, cell cycle analysis and QSAR studies

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly complex cancer, resistant to commonly used treatments and new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. A total of thirty-two thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives of two series: methyl 3-amino-6-(hetero)arylthieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylates (1a-1t) and methyl 3-amino-6-[(hetero)arylethynyl]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylates (2a-2n), previously prepared by some of us, were evaluated as new potential anti-HCC agents by studying their in vitro cell growth inhibition on human HepG2 cells and hepatotoxicity using a porcine liver primary cell culture (PLP1). The presence of amino groups linked to a benzene moiety emerges as the key element for the anti-HCC activity. The methyl 3-amino-6-[(3-aminophenyl)ethynyl]thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (2f) is the most potent compound presenting GI50 values on HepG2 cells of 1.2 μM compared to 2.9 μM of the positive control ellipticine, with no observed hepatotoxicity (PLP1 GI50>125 μM against 3.3 μM of ellipticine). Moreover this compound changes the cell cycle profile of the HepG2 cells, causing a decrease in the % of cells in the S phase and a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. QSAR studies were also performed and the correlations obtained using molecular and 1D descriptors revealed the importance of the presence of amino groups and hydrogen bond donors for anti-HCC activity, and hydrogen bond acceptors for hepatotoxicity. The best correlations were obtained with 3D descriptors belonging to different subcategories for anti-HCC activity and hepatotoxicity, respectively. These results point to different molecular mechanisms of action of the compounds in anti-HCC activity and hepatotoxicity. This work presents some promising thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives for potential use in the therapy of HCC. These compounds can also be used as scaffolds for further synthesis of more potent analogues.FCT, FEDER/COMPETE/QREN/E